List Articles Directory Rwanda: 2016

Tuesday, October 25, 2016

Zaprocid

Zaprocid may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Zaprocid

Omeprazole

Omeprazole is reported as an ingredient of Zaprocid in the following countries:

India

International Drug Name Search

Alfuzosine HCl Actavis

Alfuzosine HCl Actavis may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Alfuzosine HCl Actavis

Alfuzosin

Alfuzosin hydrochloride (a derivative of Alfuzosin) is reported as an ingredient of Alfuzosine HCl Actavis in the following countries:

Netherlands

International Drug Name Search

Oxicalmans

Oxicalmans may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Oxicalmans

Oxycodone

Oxycodone hydrochloride (a derivative of Oxycodone) is reported as an ingredient of Oxicalmans in the following countries:

Argentina

International Drug Name Search

Monday, October 24, 2016

Grendis

Grendis may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Grendis

Triflusal

Triflusal is reported as an ingredient of Grendis in the following countries:

Indonesia

International Drug Name Search

Canesten Plus Bifonazol

Canesten Plus Bifonazol may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Canesten Plus Bifonazol

Bifonazole

Bifonazole is reported as an ingredient of Canesten Plus Bifonazol in the following countries:

Hungary

International Drug Name Search

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

Liquimat

Sastid Soap

Sulfoam

Sulfo-Lo

Sulmasque

Sulpho-Lac

Sul-Ray Aloe Vera Acne

Thylox Acne Treatment

Zapzyt Cleansing

Available Dosage Forms:

Soap

Ointment

Shampoo

Liquid

Lotion

Cream

Gel/Jelly

Solution

Therapeutic Class: Antiacne

Uses For sulfur

Sulfur is used to treat many kinds of skin disorders. Sulfur cream, lotion, ointment, and bar soap are used to treat acne. Sulfur ointment is used to treat seborrheic dermatitis and scabies. Sulfur may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Some of these preparations are available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using sulfur

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For sulfur, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to sulfur or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Although there is no specific information comparing use of sulfur in children with use in other age groups, sulfur is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in children than it does in adults.

Geriatric

Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults or if they cause different side effects or problems in older people. Although there is no specific information comparing use of sulfur in the elderly with use in other age groups, sulfur is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults.

Breast Feeding

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Proper Use of sulfur

Use sulfur only as directed. Do not use it more often and do not use it for a longer period of time than recommended on the label, unless otherwise directed by your doctor.

Keep sulfur away from the eyes. If you should accidentally get some in your eyes, flush them thoroughly with water.

To use the cream or lotion form of sulfur:

Before applying the medicine, wash the affected areas with soap and water and dry thoroughly. Then apply enough medicine to cover the affected areas and rub in gently.

To use the ointment form of sulfur for seborrheic dermatitis:

Before applying the medicine, wash the affected areas with soap and water and dry thoroughly. Then apply enough medicine to cover the affected areas and rub in gently.

To use the ointment form of sulfur for scabies:

Before applying the medicine, wash your entire body with soap and water and dry thoroughly.

At bedtime, apply enough medicine to cover your entire body from the neck down and rub in gently. Leave the medicine on your body for 24 hours.

Before applying the medicine again, you may wash your entire body.

24 hours after the last treatment with sulfur, it is important that you thoroughly wash your entire body again.

To use the soap form of sulfur:

Work up a rich lather with the soap, using warm water. Wash the affected areas and rinse thoroughly. Apply again, and rub in gently for a few minutes. Remove excess lather with a towel or tissue without rinsing.

Dosing

The dose of sulfur will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of sulfur. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

For acne:
- For cream and bar soap dosage forms:
  - Adults and children—Use on the skin as needed.
- For lotion dosage form:
  - Adults and children—Use two or three times a day.
- For ointment dosage form:
  - Adults and children—Use the 0.5% ointment on the skin as needed.

For seborrheic dermatitis:
- For ointment dosage form:
  - Adults and children—Use the 5 to 10% ointment one or two times a day.

For scabies:
- For ointment dosage form:
  - Adults and children—Use the 6% ointment each night for three nights.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of sulfur, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Precautions While Using sulfur

When using sulfur, do not use any of the following preparations on the same affected area as sulfur, unless otherwise directed by your doctor:

Abrasive soaps or cleansers

Alcohol-containing preparations

Any other topical acne preparation or preparation containing a peeling agent (for example, benzoyl peroxide, resorcinol, salicylic acid, or tretinoin [vitamin A acid])

Cosmetics or soaps that dry the skin

Medicated cosmetics

Other topical medicine for the skin

To use any of the above preparations on the same affected area as sulfur may cause severe irritation of the skin.

Do not use any topical mercury-containing preparation, such as ammoniated mercury ointment, on the same area as sulfur. To do so may cause a foul odor, may be irritating to the skin, and may stain the skin black. If you have any questions about this, check with your health care professional.

sulfur Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:

Skin irritation not present before use of sulfur

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

Redness and peeling of skin (may occur after a few days)

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: sulfur Topical side effects (in more detail)

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.

Compare sulfur Topical with other medications

Acne

Citalobell

Citalobell may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Citalobell

Citalopram

Citalopram hydrobromide (a derivative of Citalopram) is reported as an ingredient of Citalobell in the following countries:

Australia

International Drug Name Search

Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant

Generic Name: phenylephrine (FEN il EFF rin)

Brand Names: Ah-Chew D, Dimetapp Cold Drops, Lusonal, Nasop, Nasop12, PediaCare Children's Decongestant, Phenyl-T, Sudafed PE, Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant, Sudafed PE Quick Dissolve, Sudogest PE, Triaminic Thin Strips Cold

What is Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant (phenylephrine)?

Phenylephrine is a decongestant that shrinks blood vessels in the nasal passages. Dilated blood vessels can cause nasal congestion (stuffy nose).

Phenylephrine is used to treat nasal congestion and sinus pressure caused by allergies, the common cold, or the flu. Phenylephrine may be used to treat congestion of the tubes that drain fluid from your inner ears, called the eustachian (yoo-STAY-shun) tubes.

Phenylephrine may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant (phenylephrine)?

You should not use this medication if you are allergic to phenylephrine.

Do not use phenylephrine if you have used linezolid (Zyvox) or procarbazine (Matulane), or if you have taken a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) such as furazolidone (Furoxone), isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam), or tranylcypromine (Parnate) in the last 14 days. Serious, life-threatening side effects can occur if you take phenylephrine before these other drugs have cleared from your body.

Before you take phenylephrine, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any decongestants, or if you have heart disease, heart rhythm disorder, high blood pressure, circulation problems, diabetes, glaucoma, a thyroid disorder, kidney disease, an enlarged prostate or urination problems, anxiety, sleep problems, bipolar disorder or other mental illness.

Phenylephrine may interact with heart or blood pressure medications, antidepressants, diabetes medications, migraine headache medications, and other decongestants.

Never take more of the medicine than directed on the label or prescribed by your doctor.

Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 7 days of using phenylephrine, or if they get worse and your also have a fever.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant (phenylephrine)?

You should not use this medication if you are allergic to phenylephrine.

If you have certain conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely use this medication. Before you take phenylephrine, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any decongestants, or if you have:

heart disease, heart rhythm disorder;

high blood pressure;

circulation problems (such as Raynaud's syndrome);

diabetes;

glaucoma;

a thyroid disorder;

kidney disease;

an enlarged prostate or urination problems;

sleep problems, anxiety; or

mental illness such as bipolar disorder.

FDA pregnancy category C. Is not known whether this medication will harm an unborn baby. Before you take phenylephrine, tell doctor if you are pregnant. Phenylephrine may pass into breast milk and could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. Older adults may be more likely to have side effects from this medication.

Disintegrating and liquid forms of cold medicine may contain sugar or artificial sweeteners (phenylalanine). This would be important to know if you have diabetes or phenylketonuria (PKU). Check the ingredients and warnings on the medication label if you are concerned about sugar or phenylalanine.

How should I use Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant (phenylephrine)?

Use this medication exactly as directed on the label, or as it has been prescribed by your doctor. Do not use the medication in larger amounts, or use it for longer than recommended. Cold medicine is usually taken only for a short time until your symptoms clear up.

Do not give this medication to a child younger than 4 years old. Always ask a doctor before giving a cough or cold medicine to a child. Death can occur from the misuse of cough and cold medicines in very young children. You may take phenylephrine with food if it upsets your stomach. Take the phenylephrine tablet with a full glass of water.

Measure the liquid form of phenylephrine with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.

The chewable phenylephrine tablet must be chewed thoroughly before you swallow it.

To use the phenylephrine disintegrating strip, place one strip on your tongue and allow it to dissolve without chewing.

To use the disintegrating tablet, make sure your hands are dry and peel back the foil from the blister package. Place the tablet on your tongue. It will begin to dissolve right away. Do not swallow the tablet whole. Allow it to dissolve in your mouth without chewing.

Phenylephrine is usually taken every 4 hours. Follow the directions on the medicine label. Never take more of the medicine than directed on the label or prescribed by your doctor.

Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 7 days of using phenylephrine, or if they get worse and your also have a fever.

If you need to have any type of surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time if you have taken a cold medicine within the past few days.

Store phenylephrine at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep the disintegrating tablets or strips in their package until you are ready to take one.

Throw away any unused phenylephrine after the expiration date on the label has passed. Do not flush this medication down a toilet. Ask your pharmacist about the safest way to dispose of unused medicines.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Cold medicine is usually taken only as needed, so you may not be on a dosing schedule. If you are taking the medication regularly, take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at your next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine.

Overdose symptoms may include feeling restless or nervous, severe dizziness, sweating, vomiting, hallucinations, fast or uneven heart rate, fainting, seizure (convulsions), and weak or shallow breathing.

What should I avoid while using Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant (phenylephrine)?

Do not use any other over-the-counter cold, allergy, or cough medication without first asking your doctor or pharmacist. Phenylephrine is contained in many medicines available over the counter. If you take certain products together you may accidentally take too much phenylephrine. Read the label of any other medicine you are using to see if it contains phenylephrine or another decongestant.

Avoid taking diet pills, caffeine pills, or other stimulants (such as ADHD medications) without your doctor's advice. Taking a stimulant together with a decongestant can increase your risk of unpleasant side effects.

Avoid smoking. It can add to the effects of phenylephrine in decreasing blood flow, which can lead to uncomfortable symptoms. Avoid drinking alcohol while you are taking phenylephrine.

Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant (phenylephrine) side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using phenylephrine and call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:

severe dizziness, restless feeling, nervousness, or insomnia;

unusual thoughts or behavior;

feeling like you might pass out;

fast, pounding, or uneven heartbeat;

tremors or shaking;

numbness, tingling, or cold feeling in your hands or feet; or

urinating less than usual or not at all.

Less serious side effects may include:

headache, dizziness;

feeling excited or restless (especially in children);

upset stomach; or

mild sleep problems.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant (phenylephrine)?

Tell your doctor about all other medications you use, especially:

other decongestants, including nasal sprays;

digoxin (digitalis, Lanoxin);

medicine to treat diabetes;

medicines to treat high blood pressure such as reserpine, methyldopa (Aldomet), and others;

migraine headache medicine such as ergotamine (Ergomar), naratriptan (Amerge), sumatriptan (Imitrex) or zolmitriptan (Zomig);

an antidepressant such as amitriptyline (Elavil), clomipramine (Anafranil), imipramine (Janimine, Tofranil), and others;

a beta-blocker such as atenolol (Tenormin), carvedilol (Coreg), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol), propranolol (Inderal), sotalol (Betapace), and others; or

a calcium channel blocker such as amlodipine (Norvasc), diltiazem (Tiazac, Cartia, Cardizem), felodipine (Plendil), nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat), verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan), and others.

This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with phenylephrine. Tell your doctor about all your prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

More Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant resources

Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant Side Effects (in more detail)
Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant Drug Interactions
0 Reviews for Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant - Add your own review/rating

AH-Chew D Chewable Tablets MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Lusonal Liquid MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Nasop Dissolving Tablets MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Neo-Synephrine Nasal Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

Neo-Synephrine MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Monograph (AHFS DI)

Sudafed PE MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Sudafed PE Consumer Overview

Compare Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant with other medications

Nasal Congestion

Where can I get more information?

Your pharmacist can provide more information about phenylephrine.

See also: Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant side effects (in more detail)

Welchol Suspension

Pronunciation: KOE-le-SEV-e-lam
Generic Name: Colesevelam
Brand Name: Welchol

Welchol Suspension is used for:

Reducing high cholesterol levels. It is used along with diet and exercise. It may be used alone or with other medicines. It is also used along with other medicines to control blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Welchol Suspension is a bile acid sequestrant. It works to decrease cholesterol by increasing the removal of bile acids from the body. As the body loses bile acids, it replaces them by converting cholesterol from the blood to bile acids. This causes the blood level of cholesterol to decrease. Exactly how it works to treat type 2 diabetes is not known.

Do NOT use Welchol Suspension if:

you are allergic to any ingredient in Welchol Suspension

you have a history of certain bowel problems (eg, blockage, paralysis, slow movement of the bowel muscles) or major stomach or bowel surgery, or you are at risk of bowel blockage

you have very high triglyceride levels or a history of inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) caused by high triglyceride levels

you have type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Welchol Suspension:

Some medical conditions may interact with Welchol Suspension. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

if you have hemorrhoids, phenylketonuria (PKU), or a history of high triglyceride levels or stomach or bowel problems

if you have low levels of certain vitamins (A, D, E, K) or nutrient absorption problems

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Welchol Suspension. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

Insulin or sulfonylureas (eg, glipizide) because the risk of high triglyceride levels may be increased

Cyclosporine, glyburide, hormonal contraceptives (eg, birth control pills), phenytoin, thyroid hormone replacements (eg, levothyroxine), or warfarin because their effectiveness may be decreased by Welchol Suspension

Ask your health care provider if Welchol Suspension may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Welchol Suspension:

Use Welchol Suspension as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Take Welchol Suspension by mouth with meals.

Empty the entire contents of one packet into a glass or cup. Add Â½ to 1 cup (4 to 8 oz) of water, fruit juice, or a diet soft drink. Stir well and drink.

Do not take Welchol Suspension in its dry form. This may cause throat irritation.

If you also take cyclosporine, birth control pills, glyburide, phenytoin, thyroid hormone replacements (eg, levothyroxine), or vitamins, take them at least 4 hours before you take Welchol Suspension.

Continue to take Welchol Suspension even if you feel well. Do not miss any doses.

If you miss a dose of Welchol Suspension, take it with a liquid at your next meal. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Welchol Suspension.

Important safety information:

Follow the diet and exercise program given to you by your health care provider.

It may take several weeks for Welchol Suspension to begin working.

If Welchol Suspension causes constipation, check with your doctor or pharmacist for ways to lessen this effect.

Welchol Suspension may decrease the absorption of certain other medicines into your body. Check with your doctor or pharmacist to see how you should take your other medicines with Welchol Suspension.

This product contains phenylalanine. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you must have a diet that is low in phenylalanine.

Diabetes patients - Carry an ID card at all times that says you have diabetes. Check your blood sugar levels as directed by your doctor. If they are often higher or lower than they should be and you take Welchol Suspension exactly as prescribed, tell your doctor.

Diabetes patients - Welchol Suspension may lower your blood sugar levels. Low blood sugar may make you anxious, sweaty, weak, dizzy, drowsy, or faint. It may also make your heart beat faster; make your vision change; give you a headache, chills, or tremors; or make you more hungry. It is a good idea to carry a reliable source of glucose (eg, tablets or gel) to treat low blood sugar. If this is not available, you should eat or drink a quick source of sugar like table sugar, honey, candy, orange juice, or non-diet soda. This will raise your blood sugar level quickly. Tell your doctor right away if this happens. To prevent low blood sugar, eat meals at the same time each day and do not skip meals.

Lab tests, including cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood glucose levels, may be performed while you use Welchol Suspension. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.

Welchol Suspension should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN younger than 10 years old or in girls who have not had their first menstrual period; safety and effectiveness in these children have not been confirmed.

PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Welchol Suspension while you are pregnant. It is not known if Welchol Suspension is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Welchol Suspension, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.

Possible side effects of Welchol Suspension:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Constipation; headache; indigestion; mild stomach pain; muscle aches; nausea; sore throat; stomach discomfort; tiredness; weakness.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); difficulty swallowing; severe or persistent constipation, diarrhea, or stomach pain; severe or persistent dizziness or headache; symptoms of pancreas inflammation (eg, severe stomach or back pain with or without nausea or vomiting, stomach tenderness or swelling); throat pain or irritation.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

See also: Welchol side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center ( http://www.aapcc.org), or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include severe constipation.

Proper storage of Welchol Suspension:

Store Welchol Suspension at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is permitted. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Welchol Suspension out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

If you have any questions about Welchol Suspension, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Welchol Suspension is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Welchol Suspension. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

More Welchol resources

Welchol Side Effects (in more detail)
Welchol Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Drug Images
Welchol Drug Interactions
Welchol Support Group
19 Reviews for Welchol - Add your own review/rating

Compare Welchol with other medications

Diabetes, Type 2
Diarrhea, Chronic
High Cholesterol
Hyperlipoproteinemia
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IIa, Elevated LDL

Friday, October 21, 2016

Rawel

Rawel may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Rawel

Indapamide

Indapamide is reported as an ingredient of Rawel in the following countries:

Bosnia & Herzegowina

Bulgaria

Croatia (Hrvatska)

Czech Republic

Estonia

Hungary

Latvia

Lithuania

Poland

Romania

Russian Federation

Serbia

Slovakia

Slovenia

International Drug Name Search

Toprol XL

Ingredient matches for Toprol XL

Metoprolol

Metoprolol succinate (a derivative of Metoprolol) is reported as an ingredient of Toprol XL in the following countries:

Australia

United States

International Drug Name Search

Pantoprazol Kern Pharma

Pantoprazol Kern Pharma may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Pantoprazol Kern Pharma

Pantoprazole

Pantoprazole sodium (a derivative of Pantoprazole) is reported as an ingredient of Pantoprazol Kern Pharma in the following countries:

Spain

International Drug Name Search

Thursday, October 20, 2016

Bediatil Forte

Bediatil Forte may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Bediatil Forte

Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is reported as an ingredient of Bediatil Forte in the following countries:

Chile

International Drug Name Search

Antacal

Antacal may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Antacal

Amlodipine

Amlodipine besilate (a derivative of Amlodipine) is reported as an ingredient of Antacal in the following countries:

Italy

International Drug Name Search

Opipramol Billix

Opipramol Billix may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Opipramol Billix

Opipramol

Opipramol dihydrochloride (a derivative of Opipramol) is reported as an ingredient of Opipramol Billix in the following countries:

Germany

International Drug Name Search

Sufentanil Citrate

Class: Opiate Agonists
VA Class: CN101
Chemical Name: N - [4 - (Methoxymethyl) - 1 - [2 - (2 - thieyl)ethyl] - 4 - piperidinyl] - N - phenylpropanamide2 - hydroxy - 1,2,3 - propanetricarboxylate (1:1)
Molecular Formula: C₂₂H₃₀N₂O₂S•O₆H₈O₇
CAS Number: 60561-17-3
Brands: Sufenta

Introduction

Opiate agonist; synthetic phenylpiperidine derivative.¹ ³ ⁴ ⁵

Uses for Sufentanil Citrate

Anesthesia

As the analgesic component in the maintenance of balanced anesthesia (e.g., IV hypnotic and/or inhalation anesthetic, analgesic, skeletal muscle relaxant).¹ ¹⁷ ³⁴ ³⁶ ⁴¹ ⁴⁶

As the primary anesthetic agent for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia when used in conjunction with 100% oxygen and a skeletal muscle relaxant (e.g., pancuronium bromide, succinylcholine chloride).¹ ¹⁰ ¹¹ ¹² ¹³ ¹⁵ ¹⁶ ¹⁸ ³⁵ ³⁷ ³⁸ ³⁹ ⁴³ ⁴⁴ ⁴⁵

Particularly useful when postoperative ventilation is anticipated and in providing favorable myocardial and cerebral oxygen balance.¹ ¹¹ ¹⁹ ⁴⁰ ⁴¹ ⁴⁶

Cardiovascular parameters generally are more stable intraoperatively with use of sufentanil compared with inhalation agents.³⁶ ⁴¹ Incidence of postoperative hypertension and requirements for vasoactive agents or postoperative analgesics generally are decreased following use of moderate or high doses of sufentanil as compared with use of inhalation agents.¹ ³⁶ ³⁸ ⁴¹

Pain

Obstetric analgesia during labor and vaginal delivery.¹ ⁸⁸

Sufentanil Citrate Dosage and Administration

General

Premedication

Selection of preanesthetic medication(s) should be based on the individual needs of the patient.¹

Administration

Administer by IV injection, intermittent or continuous IV infusion, or epidural injection.¹ ⁴ ⁷ ⁸ ¹⁰ ¹¹ ¹² ¹³ ¹⁹

IV Administration

For solution and drug compatibility information, see Compatibility under Stability.

Administration of small volumes may require use of a tuberculin syringe or equivalent.¹

Rate of Administration

Administer by slow injection or intermittent or continuous infusion; individualize rate based on patient’s needs.¹

Concomitant Administration of a Neuromuscular Blocking Agent

Risk of muscular rigidity (particularly of the truncal muscles) is related to the dose and rate of the infusion; however, administration of a neuromuscular blocking agent prior to sufentanil therapy can reduce the risk.¹

The neuromuscular blocking agent used should be compatible with the patient’s condition, taking into account the hemodynamic effects of the drug, the cardiovascular status of the patient, existing drug therapy (e.g., preoperative use of β-adrenergic blocking agents), and the degree of skeletal muscle relaxation required.¹

Administration of a Neuromuscular Blocking Agent with Sufentanil1
Sufentanil Dosage	Neuromuscular Blocking Agent Dosage
<8 mcg/kg	Administer up to 25% of the full paralyzing dose just prior to sufentanil¹
>8 mcg/kg (titrated by slow IV infusion)	Administer a full paralyzing dose following loss of consciousness (e.g., loss of eyelash reflex, loss of response to voice command)¹ ⁶¹
>8 mcg/kg (rapidly administered anesthetic doses)	Administer a full paralyzing dose simultaneously with sufentanil¹ or immediately after loss of consciousness⁶¹

Epidural Administration

For drug compatibility information, see Compatibility under Stability.

Specialized techniques are required for epidural administration; administration should be performed only by qualified individuals familiar with the techniques of administration, dosages, and special patient management problems associated with epidural administration.¹

Dosage

Available as sufentanil citrate; dosage expressed in terms of sufentanil.¹

Adjust dosage carefully according to body weight, individual requirements and response, physical status and underlying pathologic condition, premedication or concomitant medication(s), the anesthetic(s) being used, and the nature and duration of the surgery.¹

Administer additional doses when patient movement and/or changes in vital signs indicate surgical stress or lightening of analgesia, and adjust according to individual requirements, response, and the anticipated remaining duration of the surgical procedure.¹

Pediatric Patients

Anesthesia

General Anesthesia (as sole anesthetic agent) for Cardiovascular Surgery

Children <12 years of age: Initially, 10–25 mcg/kg in conjunction with 100% oxygen and a skeletal muscle relaxant.¹ ⁸ ⁶¹ Additional doses of up to 25–50 mcg each (or, alternatively, 1–2 mcg/kg each)⁶¹ may be given as needed based on response to the initial dose and as determined by changes in vital signs that indicate surgical stress or lightening of anesthesia.¹

Neonates: Reduce dosage, especially in those with cardiovascular disease, according to the decrease in clearance.⁸⁹ (See Pediatric Use under Cautions.)

Adults

Anesthesia

Analgesic Component of General Anesthesia

Minor surgical procedures (expected duration of anesthesia is 1–2 hours): Total dosage of 1–2 mcg/kg in conjunction with nitrous oxide and oxygen; ≥75% of the total dosage may be given by slow injection or infusion prior to intubation.¹ ⁸⁸ May administer supplemental doses of 10–25 mcg or administer intermittent or continuous maintenance infusions as necessary when movement and/or changes in vital signs indicate surgical stress or lightening of anesthesia; adjust maintenance infusion rate so that total dosage does not exceed 1 mcg/kg per hour of expected surgical time.¹ ⁸⁸

Major surgical procedures (expected duration of anesthesia is 2–8 hours): Total dosage of 2–8 mcg/kg in conjunction with nitrous oxide and oxygen; ≤75% of the total dosage may be given by slow injection or infusion prior to intubation.¹ ⁸⁸ May administer supplemental doses of 10–50 mcg or administer intermittent or continuous maintenance infusions as necessary when movement and/or changes in vital signs indicate surgical stress or lightening of anesthesia; adjust maintenance infusion rate so that total dosage does not exceed 1 mcg/kg per hour of expected surgical time.¹ ⁸⁸

General Anesthesia (as sole anesthetic agent)

Total dosage of 8–30 mcg/kg (by slow injection, infusion, or injection followed by infusion) in conjunction with oxygen and a skeletal muscle relaxant.¹ ⁸⁸ Depending on the initial dose, may administer additional incremental doses of 0.5–10 mcg/kg by slow injection in anticipation of surgical stress (e.g., incision, sternotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass).¹ ⁸⁸ Alternatively, may administer intermittent or continuous maintenance infusions as necessary as determined by changes in vital signs that indicate surgical stress and lightening of anesthesia; adjust maintenance infusion rate so that total dosage for the procedure does not exceed 30 mcg/kg.¹ ⁸⁸

Pain

Obstetric Analgesia

Epidural

10–15 mcg (in combination with 10 mL of bupivacaine 0.125% with or without epinephrine).¹ ⁸⁸ Doses may be repeated twice (for a total of 3 doses) at ≥1-hour intervals until delivery.¹ ⁸⁸

Prescribing Limits

Adults

Anesthesia

Analgesic Component of General Anesthesia

Minor or major surgical procedures: Total dose of ≤1 mcg/kg per hour of expected surgical time.¹

General Anesthesia (as sole anesthetic agent)

Total dose for procedure: ≤ 30 mcg/kg.¹

Special Populations

Hepatic Impairment

Adjust dosage carefully; elimination of the drug may be decreased.¹ ⁶⁰

Renal Impairment

Adjust dosage carefully; elimination of the drug may be decreased.¹ ⁶⁰

Geriatric and Debilitated Patients

Reduce initial dosage;¹ adjust additional doses according to the initial response and desired effect.¹ ⁶¹

Obese Patients

Base dosage on an estimate of ideal (lean) body weight if body weight exceeds ideal weight by >20%.¹

Cautions for Sufentanil Citrate

Contraindications

Known hypersensitivity to sufentanil or intolerance to other opiate agonists.¹

Warnings/Precautions

Warnings

Shares the toxic potentials of the opiate agonists; observe the usual precautions of opiate agonist therapy.¹ ⁴

Respiratory Depression

Respiratory function can be severely compromised.¹

Consider the possibility of a recurrence of respiratory depression during recovery.⁴ A secondary rise in plasma concentrations may occur during the recovery period as blood perfusion to peripheral tissues increases and drug redistribution occurs.⁴

Administration of an opiate antagonist (e.g., naloxone) can reverse respiratory depression.¹ The duration of respiratory depression produced by sufentanil may be longer than the duration of the opiate antagonist; therefore, continue appropriate patient monitoring following apparent initial reversal.¹

Supervised Administration

Should be administered only by individuals experienced in the use of parenteral anesthetics and in the maintenance of an adequate airway and respiratory support.¹

Opiate antagonist (e.g., naloxone) and facilities for intubation, administration of oxygen, and assisted or controlled respiration should be immediately available.¹

Monitor vital signs routinely during administration; facilities for postoperative monitoring and assisted or controlled respiration should be available following administration of anesthetic doses of the drug (i.e., ≥8 mcg/kg).¹

Major Toxicities

Musculoskeletal Effects

Possible skeletal muscle rigidity (e.g., of the truncal muscles); onset may be more rapid than with fentanyl.¹ Administration of a neuromuscular blocking agent may be necessary.¹ (See Concomitant Administration of a Neuromuscular Blocking Agent under Dosage and Administration.)

General Precautions

CNS Effects

Caution in patients with head injuries; sufentanil may obscure the clinical course.¹

Impaired Respiration

Caution in patients with pulmonary disease, decreased respiratory reserve, or potentially compromised respiratory function.¹ Further decreases in respiratory function and increases in airway resistance may occur.¹

Cardiovascular Effects

Generally produces few cardiovascular effects.⁴ ⁸ ¹³ ¹⁷ ³⁹ Possible hypotension¹ ⁸ ¹⁰ ³⁴ ³⁶ ³⁹ ⁴⁰ or hypertension.¹ ⁸ ¹⁰ ¹⁸ ³⁵ ³⁷ ³⁸ ⁴⁰ ⁴¹ ⁴² Bradycardia occurs infrequently during anesthesia and may be corrected by administration of atropine.¹

Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Category C.¹

Used epidurally for analgesia during labor and delivery.¹ ⁸⁸ Not recommended for IV use during labor and delivery; avoid epidural dosages in excess of the recommended dosage.¹

Lactation

Not known whether sufentanil is distributed into milk.¹ Caution if used in nursing women.¹

Pediatric Use

Safety and efficacy documented in a limited number of children ≥1 day of age undergoing cardiovascular surgery.¹ ⁸ ⁸⁹

Use with caution in neonates because decreased clearance may result in increased blood concentrations of the drug.⁸⁹ Clearance in healthy neonates is approximately one-half that reported in adults and children; may be further reduced by up to one-third in neonates with cardiovascular disease.⁸⁹

Geriatric Use

Consider dosage reduction.¹ ⁶¹ (See Geriatric and Debilitated Patients under Dosage and Administration.)

Hepatic Impairment

Use with caution, since the drug undergoes metabolism in the liver.¹

Renal Impairment

Use with caution, since the drug and its metabolites are eliminated mainly by the kidneys.¹

Common Adverse Effects

Respiratory depression,¹ ³⁸ skeletal muscle rigidity (e.g., truncal muscles, neck, extremities).¹ ⁴ ¹³ ³⁸

Interactions for Sufentanil Citrate

Specific Drugs

Drug	Interaction	Comments
β-Adrenergic blocking agents	Possible increased incidence and degree of bradycardia and hypotension during sufentanil induction in patients receiving chronic β-blocker therapy¹	Patients with CAD receiving chronic preoperative β-blocker therapy appear to require lower initial and fewer supplemental doses of sufentanil during CABG surgery than do patients who have not received preoperative β-blocker therapy¹⁰
Calcium-channel blocking agents	Increased incidence and degree of bradycardia and hypotension during sufentanil induction in patients receiving chronic calcium-channel blocker therapy¹
CNS depressants (e.g., opiate agonists, general anesthetics, tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics)	Potentiation of CNS and cardiovascular effects¹	Use with caution; reduce dosage of at least one of the drugs when used concomitantly¹
Nitrous oxide	Possible cardiovascular depression, manifested by bradycardia and decreases in mean arterial pressure and cardiac output, following concomitant administration of nitrous oxide with high doses of sufentanil¹
Neuromuscular blocking agents	Possible tachycardia following administration of high doses of pancuronium during anesthesia with sufentanil and oxygen;¹ ⁴ ³⁸ hypertension and an increase in cardiac index may occur⁴ Bradycardia and hypotension reported during anesthesia during concomitant administration of neuromuscular blocking agents with sufentanil and oxygen; effects may be increased in patients also receiving calcium-channel blockers or β-blockers;¹ bradycardia reported rarely following concomitant administration of sufentanil with succinylcholine¹	To maintain a stable, lower HR and BP during anesthesia, use moderate doses of pancuronium or use a neuromuscular blocking agent with a lesser inhibitory effect on the vagus nerve ¹

Sufentanil Citrate Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Onset

Following IV administration, the onset of action as determined by time to unconsciousness (i.e., loss of response to voice command) is 1.2–3 minutes.⁴ ¹⁰ ¹³ ¹⁵ ¹⁶ ¹⁸

Following epidural administration of 10–15 mcg and 0.125% bupivacaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 during the first stage of labor, the onset of action occurs within 10 minutes.¹ ⁸⁸

Duration

The mean duration of anesthesia is 40 minutes following initial IV dose of 0.4 mcg/kg and 41–44 minutes following additional doses of 0.1 mcg/kg.²⁰ Following administration of anesthetic doses (about 13–19 mcg/kg total), patient response to verbal command⁴ ¹³ ¹⁵ and adequate ventilation⁴ ¹⁵ occurs at 0.6–1.8 and 5.6 hours, respectively.

Following IM administration of single doses of 0.15, 0.3, or 0.5 mcg/kg in patients with pain, the approximate duration of detectable analgesia was 2.3, 3.7, and 3.8 hours, respectively.²¹

Following epidural administration of 10–15 mcg and 0.125% bupivacaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 during the first stage of labor, the duration of action was 1–2 hours.¹ ⁸⁸

Distribution

Extent

Distribution into human body tissues and fluids has not been fully characterized;¹⁴ however, the drug is highly lipophilic and is rapidly and extensively distributed in animals.⁴

Not known whether sufentanil crosses the placenta² or distributes into milk.¹ ²

Plasma Protein Binding

Approximately 93% bound at plasma pH 7.4¹ ⁴ ⁶ ¹⁴ (mainly to albumin; α-, α₁-, β-, and γ-globulins; and α₁-acid glycoprotein).⁶ ¹⁴

Because a large portion of the drug appears to be bound to α₁-acid glycoprotein, binding may be affected by disease states in which this protein is altered.⁴ ⁶ ¹⁴ ²⁴

Binding in plasma is independent of plasma drug concentration within the therapeutic range (i.e., 0.1–10 ng/mL);⁴ ⁶ however, binding is affected by changes in plasma pH.⁴ ⁶ ¹⁴ Increases in plasma pH from 7.4 to 7.8 increase sufentanil binding by about 30%; decreases in plasma pH from 7.4 to 7 decrease binding by about 30%.⁶

Elimination

Metabolism

Appears to be metabolized mainly in the liver and small intestine¹ ² via N-dealkylation and O-demethylation.⁴

The O-demethylated metabolite appears to have about 10% of the analgesic activity of the unchanged drug.⁴

Elimination Route

Excreted principally in urine and also in feces via biliary elimination;¹ ² ⁶⁰ only 2% of a dose is excreted unchanged in urine and feces.¹ ²

Half-life

Triphasic; plasma concentrations decline rapidly secondary to redistribution.¹ ² ⁴ ⁵ ¹⁴ ²²

In adults with normal renal and hepatic function, the plasma half-life averages 0.72–1.2 minutes in the initial (distribution) phase, 13.7–17 minutes in the second (redistribution) phase, and 140–158 minutes in the terminal (elimination) phase.¹ ² ⁴ ⁵ ¹⁴ ²² ²³

Elimination half-life is longer (434 minutes) in neonates but shorter in infants and children (97 minutes), compared with adults and adolescents.⁸⁹

Stability

Storage

Parenteral

Injection

15–25°C; protect from light.¹

Compatibility

For information on systemic interactions resulting from concomitant use, see Interactions.

Parenteral

Sufentanil citrate is hydrolyzed in acidic solutions.⁶⁰

Solution Compatibility^a

Compatible
Dextrose 5% in water
Variable
Sodium chloride 0.9%

Drug Compatibility

Admixture Compatibilitya
Compatible
Bupivacaine HCl

Y-Site Compatibilitya
Compatible
Amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex
Atropine sulfate
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate
Diazepam
Diphenhydramine HCl
Etomidate
Gatifloxacin
Haloperidol lactate
Hetastarch in lactated electrolyte injection (Hextend)
Hydroxyzine HCl
Ketorolac tromethamine
Linezolid
Metoclopramide HCl
Midazolam HCl
Phenobarbital sodium
Prochlorperazine edisylate
Propofol
Remifentanil HCl
Scopolamine HBr
Incompatible
Lorazepam
Phenytoin sodium
Thiopental sodium

ActionsActions

A potent analgesic;¹ shares the actions of the opiate agonists.¹ ⁴ ²⁹

Precise mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated; opiate agonists act at several CNS sites, involving several neurotransmitter systems to produce analgesia.^b

Pain perception is altered in the spinal cord and higher CNS levels (e.g., substantia gelatinosa, spinal trigeminal nucleus, periaqueductal gray, periventricular gray, medullary raphe nuclei, hypothalamus).²⁶ ^b

Opiate agonists do not alter the threshold or responsiveness of afferent nerve endings to noxious stimuli, nor peripheral nerve impulse conduction.²⁶

Opiate agonists act at specific receptor binding sites in the CNS and other tissues; opiate receptors are concentrated in the limbic system, thalamus, striatum, hypothalamus, midbrain, and spinal cord.^b

High affinity and selectivity for the μ-opiate receptor in the CNS; reportedly is more selective and binds more tightly to this receptor than does fentanyl.⁴ ⁹ ¹² ²⁵ ⁴⁹ ⁵²

Produces dose-related analgesia;¹ ² ⁴ at doses up to 8 mcg/kg, the drug has a potent analgesic effect, but higher doses usually produce substantial CNS depression resulting in hypnosis and anesthesia.¹ ² ⁴ ⁹ ¹⁰ ¹¹ ¹² ¹³ ¹⁹

Analgesic potency appears to be 5–12 times that of fentanyl on a weight basis.¹ ¹² ²³ ³⁹ ⁴⁰ ⁴⁷ ⁴⁸ ⁵⁰

Appears to have little effect on histamine release.¹ ⁷ ⁵³ ⁵⁴ ⁶¹

May have a centrally mediated vagal effect.⁴ ⁶⁰ ⁶¹

Advice to Patients

Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs, as well as any concomitant illnesses.¹

Importance of women informing clinicians if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed.¹

Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information.¹ (See Cautions.)

Preparations

Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.

Subject to control under the Federal Controlled Substances Act of 1970 as a schedule II (C-II) drug.¹

* available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name

Sufentanil Citrate
Routes	Dosage Forms	Strengths	Brand Names	Manufacturer
Parenteral	Injection	50 mcg (of sufentanil) per mL*	Sufenta (C-II; preservative-free)	Akorn
			Sufentanil Citrate Injection (C-II; preservative-free)	Baxter, Hospira

Disclaimer

This report on medications is for your information only, and is not considered individual patient advice. Because of the changing nature of drug information, please consult your physician or pharmacist about specific clinical use.

The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com represent that the information provided hereunder was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformity with professional standards in the field. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com make no representations or warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to such information and specifically disclaims all such warranties. Users are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy are complex medical decisions requiring the independent, informed decision of an appropriate health care professional, and the information is provided for informational purposes only. The entire monograph for a drug should be reviewed for a thorough understanding of the drug's actions, uses and side effects. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com do not endorse or recommend the use of any drug. The information is not a substitute for medical care.

References

1. Taylor Pharmaceuticals. Sufenta injection prescribing information. Decatur, IL: 1998 Aug.

2. Janssen Pharmaceutica. Product information form for American Hospital Formulary Service on Sufenta. Piscataway, NJ; 1984 Apr 5.

3. Windholz M, ed. The Merck index. 10th ed. Rahway, NJ: Merck & Co., Inc.; 1983:APP-3.

4. Rosow CE. Sufentanil citrate: a new opioid analgesic for use in anesthesia. Pharmacotherapy. 1984; 4:11-9. [IDIS 393492] [PubMed 6230606]

5. Michiels M, Hendriks R, Heykants J. Radioimmunoassay of the new opiate analgesics alfentanil and sufentanil. Preliminary pharmacokinetic profile in man. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1983; 35:86-93. [IDIS 165823] [PubMed 6131992]

6. Meuldermans WEG, Hurkmans RMA, Heykants JJP. Plasma protein binding and distribution of fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil and lofentanil in blood. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1982; 257:4-19. [PubMed 6214227]

7. Rosow CE, Philbin DM, Keegan CR et al. Hemodynamics and histamine release during induction with sufentanil or fentanyl. Anesthesiology. 1984; 60:489-91. [IDIS 185009] [PubMed 6201089]

8. Hickey PR, Hansen DD. Fentanyl- and sufentanil-oxygen-pancuronium anesthesia for cardiac surgery in infants. Anesth Analg. 1984; 63:117-24. [IDIS 180669] [PubMed 6229197]

9. Rosenbaum JS, Holford NH, Richards ML et al. Discrimination of three types of opioid binding sites in rat brain in vivo. Mol Pharmacol. 1984; 25:242-8. [PubMed 6321946]

10. Stanley TH, de Lange S, Boscoe MJ et al. The influence of chronic preoperative propranolol therapy on cardiovascular dynamics and narcotic requirements during operation in patients with coronary artery disease. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1982; 29:319-24. [IDIS 154371] [PubMed 6213289]

11. de Lange S, Boscoe MJ, Stanley TH et al. Antidiuretic and growth hormone responses during coronary artery surgery with sufentanil-oxygen and alfentanil-oxygen anesthesia in man. Anesth Analg. 1982; 61:434-8. [IDIS 151510] [PubMed 6461279]

12. de Lange S, Stanley TH, Boscoe MJ et al. Catecholamine and cortisol responses to sufentanil-O₂ and alfentanil-O₂ anaesthesia during coronary artery surgery. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1983; 30:248-54. [IDIS 170873] [PubMed 6242846]

13. de Lange S, Boscoe MJ, Stanley TH et al. Comparison of sufentanil-O₂ and fentanyl-O₂ for coronary artery surgery. Anesthesiology. 1982; 56:112-8. [IDIS 145245] [PubMed 6119934]

14. Mather LE. Clinical pharmacokinetics of fentanyl and its newer derivatives. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1983; 8:422-46. [IDIS 175719] [PubMed 6226471]

15. Smith NT, Dec-Silver H, Harrison WK et al. A comparison among morphine, fentanyl, and sufentanil anesthesia for open-heart surgery. Induction, emergence, and extubation. Anesthesiology. 1982; 57:A291.

16. Murkin JM, Moldenhauer CC, Griesemer RW et al. Fentanyl vs sufentanil: comparison of hemodynamic and catecholamine responses during coronary artery surgery. In: Proceedings of the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists 6th Annual Meeting; 1984 May 6-9; Boston. 1984:100-1.

17. Ghoneim MM, Dhanaraj J, Choi WW. Comparison of four opioid analgesics as supplements to nitrous oxide anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1984; 63:405-12. [IDIS 183551] [PubMed 6230953]

18. Griesemer RW, Moldenhauer CC, Hug CC et al. Sufentanil anesthesia for aortocoronary bypass surgery: 30 mcg/kg vs 15 mcg/kg. Anesthesiology. 1982; 57:A48.

19. Shupak RC, Harp JR, Buchheit WA. High dose sufentanil vs. fentanyl anesthesia in neurosurgery. Anesthesiology. 1982; 57:A350.

20. Kay B, Rolly G. Duration of action of analgesic supplements to anesthesia: a double-blind comparison between morphine, fentanyl and sulfentanil. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 1977; 28:25-32. [PubMed 21506]

21. Cathelin M, Vignes R, Malki A et al. Le citrate de sulfentanil administré par voie intra-musculaire: activité analgésique chez l’homme conscient. (French; with English summary.) Anesth Analg Reanim. 1981; 38:21-5.

22. Bovill JG, Sebel PS, Blackburn CL et al. Kinetics of alfentanil and sufentanil: a comparison. Anesthesiology. 1981; 55:A174.

23. Howie MB, Reitz J, Reilley TE et al. Does sufentanil’s shorter half-life have any clinical significance. Anesthesiology. 1983; 59:A146.

24. Holley FO, Ponganis KV, Stanski DR. Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on the pharmacokinetics of drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1982; 7:234-51. [IDIS 150648] [PubMed 7047043]

25. Leysen JE, Gommeren W, Niemegeers CJ. [3H]Sufentanil, a superior ligand for mu-opiate receptors: binding properties and regional distribution in rat brain and spinal cord. Eur J Pharmacol. 1983; 87:209-25. [PubMed 6132825]

26. Jaffe JH, Martin WR. Opioid analgesics and antagonists. In: Gilman AG, Goodman L, Gilman A, eds. Goodman and Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 6th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company; 1980:494-534.

27. McClain DA, Hug CC. Intravenous fentanyl kinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1980; 28:106-14. [IDIS 124822] [PubMed 7389247]

28. Eisele JH, Wright R, Rogge P. Newborn and maternal fentanyl levels at cesarean section. Anesth Analg. 1982; 61:179-80.

29. Hess R, Herz A, Friedel K. Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl in rabbits in view of the importance for limiting the effect. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1971; 179:474-84. [PubMed 5136265]

30. Bewley TH, Ghodse AH. Opioid analgesics and narcotic antagonists. In: Dukes MNG, ed. Side effects of drugs. Annual 7. New York: Elsevier/North Holland Inc.; 1983:84.

31. Keykhah MM, Smith DS, Englebach I et al. Effects of naloxone on cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Anesthesiology. 1983; 59:A309.

32. Bovill JG, Sebel PS. Pharmacokinetics of high-dose fentanyl: a study in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth. 1980; 52:795-801. [IDIS 123648] [PubMed 7426257]

33. Lunn JK, Stanley TH, Eisele J et al. High dose fentanyl anesthesia for coronary artery surgery: plasma fentanyl concentrations and influence of nitrous oxide on cardiovascular responses. Anesth Analg. 1979; 58:390-5. [IDIS 105685] [PubMed 314761]

34. Flacke JW, Kripke BK, Bloor BC et al. Intraoperative effectiveness of sufentanil, fentanyl, meperidine, or morphine in balanced anesthesia: a double-blind study. Anesth Analg. 1983; 62:259-60.

35. Howie MB, Lingam RP, Lee JJ et al. Sufentanil-oxygen compared with fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia for coronary artery surgery. Anesthesiology. 1982; 57:A292.

36. Fahmy NR. Clinical evaluation of sufentanil-N₂O and isoflurane-N₂O anesthesia during major orthopedic surgical procedures. In: Advances in anesthesia: a new synthetic narcotic for the 80s; proceedings of a symposium; 1983 Oct 8; Atlanta, GA.

37. Khoury GF, Estafanous FG, Zurick AM et al. Sufentanil/pancuronium versus sufentanil/metocurine anesthesia for coronary artery surgery. Anesthesiology. 1982; 57:A47.

38. Khoury GF, Estafanous FG, Samonte AF et al. Evaluation of sufentanil-O₂ versus halothane-N₂O/O₂ anesthesia for coronary artery surgery. Anesthesiology. 1982; 57:A290.

39. Sebel PS, Bovill JG. Cardiovascular effects of sufentanil anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1982; 61:115-9. [IDIS 152035] [PubMed 6119930]

40. Moldenhauer CC. Sufentanil anesthesia for cardiac surgery. In: Advances in anesthesia: a new synthetic narcotic for the 80s; proceedings of a symposium; 1983 Oct 8; Atlanta, GA.

41. McKay RD. Short-acting narcotics in neurosurgical anesthesia. In: Advances in anesthesia: a new synthetic narcotic for the 80s; proceedings of a symposium; 1983 Oct 8; Atlanta, GA.

42. Estafanous FG. Use of sufentanil anesthesia with muscle relaxant agents. In: Advances in anesthesia: a new synthetic narcotic for the 80s; proceedings of a symposium; 1983 Oct 8; Atlanta, GA.

43. Smith NT, Dec-Silver H, Sanford TJ Jr et al. EEGs during high-dose fentanyl-, sufentanil-, or morphine-oxygen anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1984; 63:386-93. [IDIS 183550] [PubMed 6230952]

44. Bovill JG, Sebel PS, Wauquier A et al. Electroencephalographic effects of sufentanil anaesthesia in man. Br J Anaesth. 1982; 54:45-52. [IDIS 146254] [PubMed 6459796]

45. Sebel PS, Bovill JG, Wauquier A. Total narcotic anesthesia with sufentanil. Anesth Analg. 1981; 60:276.

46. McKay RD, Varner PD, Hendricks PL et al. The evaluation of sufentanil-N₂O-O₂ vs. fentanyl-N₂O-O₂ anesthesia for craniotomy. Anesth Analg. 1984; 63:250.

47. Kalenda Z, Scheijgrond HW. Anaesthesia with sulfentanil-analgesia in carotid and vertebral arteriography. A comparison with fentanyl. Anaesthesist. 1976; 25:380-3. [PubMed 7967]

48. Van de Walle J, Lauwers P, Adriaensen H. Double blind comparison of fentanyl and sulfentanil in anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 1976; 27:129-38. [PubMed 801578]

49. Rosenbaum JS, Holford NH, Sadee W. Opiate receptor binding-effect relationship: sufentanil and etorphine produce analgesia at the mu-site with low fractional receptor occupancy. Brain Res. 1984; 291:317-24. [PubMed 6320962]

50. de Castro J, Van de Water A, Wouters L et al. Comparative study of cardiovascular, neurological and metabolic side-effects of eight narcotics in dogs. Pethidine, piritramide, morphine, phenoperidine, fentanyl, R39 209, sufentanil, R34 995. I. Comparative study on the acute toxicity and hemodynamic effects of the narcotics in high and massive doses in curarised and mechanically ventilated dogs. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 1979; 30:5-54. [PubMed 382728]

51. Rosow CE, Philbin DM, Moss J et al. Sufentanil vs. fentanyl: I. Suppression of hemodynamic responses. Anesthesiology. 1983; 59:A323. [IDIS 176732] [PubMed 6193743]

52. Stahl KD, Van Bever W, Janssen P et al. Receptor affinity and pharmacological potency of a series of narcotic analgesic, anti-diarrheal and neuroleptic drugs. Eur J Pharmacol. 1977; 46:199-205. [PubMed 22440]

53. Flacke JW, Van Etten A, Flacke WE. Greatest histamine release from meperidine among four narcotics: double-blind study in man. Anesthesiology. 1983; 59:A51.

54. Flacke WE, Van Etten AP, Flacke JW et al. Plasma histamine levels during sufentanil anesthesia for coronary bypass graft surgery. Anesth Analg. 1983; 62:260-1.

55. Bovill JG, Sebel PS, Fiolet JWT et al. The influence of sufentanil on endocrine and metabolic responses to cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 1983; 62:391-7. [IDIS 168279] [PubMed 6219596]

56. Young ML, Smith DS, Greenberg J et al. Effects of sufentanil on regional cerebral glucose metabolism in rats. Anesthesiology. 1983; 59:A335.

57. Keykhah MM, Smith DS, C et al. Effects of sufentanil on cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption. Anesthesiology. 1982; 57:A248.

58. C.dtdson C, Keykhah M, Smith DS et al. Influence of high dose fentanyl on cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Acta Physiol Scand. 1981; 113:271-2.

59. Berthelsen P, Eriksen J, Ahn NC et al. Peripheral circulation during sufentanyl and morphine anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1980; 24:241-4. [PubMed 6449821]

60. King W (Janssen Pharmaceutica, Piscataway, NJ): Personal communication; 1984 October 19 and 31.

61. Reviewer’s comments (personal observations); 1984 October.

62. Stanley TH, Philbin DM, Coggins CH. Fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia for coronary artery surgery: cardiovascular and antidiuretic hormone responses. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1979; 26:168-72. [PubMed 380788]

63. Sebel PS, Bovill JG, Schellekens APM et al. Hormonal responses to high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia: a study in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth. 1981; 53:941-8. [IDIS 140705] [PubMed 7025877]

64. Howie MB, Smith DF, Harrington K et al. Serum concentrations of sufentanil and fentanyl in the post-operative course in cardiac surgery patients. Anesthesiology. 1984; 61:A131.

65. Mummaneni N, Rao TL, Montoya A. Awareness and recall with high-dose fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1980; 59:948-9. [IDIS 129874] [PubMed 7192516]

66. Gosselin RE, Hodge HC, Smith RP et al. Clinical toxicology of commercial products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co.; 1984: III-284-9.

67. George JM, Reier CE, Lanese RR et al. Morphine anesthesia blocks cortisol and growth hormone response to surgical stress in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1974; 38:736-41. [PubMed 4823919]

68. Howie MB, Smith DF, Dasta JF et al. Pharmacokinetic comparison of sufentanil and fentanyl during anesthesia for cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 1984; 61:A377.

69. Helgenberg JC. Intraoperative awareness during high-dose fentanyl oxygen anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1981; 54:341-3. [IDIS 133978]

Wednesday, October 19, 2016

salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical

Generic Name: salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical (sal ah SILL ik AH sid and SEW dee um thigh oh SULL fate)

Brand names: Versiclear, Exoderm

What is salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical?

Sodium thiosulfate is an antifungal agent. Sodium thiosulfate decreases the growth of fungus on the skin.

Salicylic acid is used with sodium thiosulfate to increase the absorption of sodium thiosulfate into the skin.

Sodium thiosulfate and salicylic acid topical is used in the treatment of tinea versicolor, a fungal infection of the skin that usually appears as white patches on the skin.

Salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical?

Stop using salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical and contact your healthcare provider if you develop new or worsening signs of skin irritation. Do not use other topical products on the affected area unless otherwise directed by your doctor. They may interfere with the effects or absorption of salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical. Do not cover the area with bandages or dressings after applying salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical, unless otherwise directed by your doctor. Doing so could cause too much medicine to be absorbed by the body and could be harmful.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical?

Do not use salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical without first talking to your doctor if you have an allergy to sulfa products. You may not be able to use salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical, or you may require special monitoring during treatment.

Do not apply salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical to large areas of open, broken, burned, or infected skin without first talking to your doctor. Large areas of damaged skin may allow more medicine to be absorbed by the body, possibly resulting in side effects.

It is not known whether salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical will be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not use salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether sodium sulfacetamide passes into breast milk. Do not use salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I use salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical?

Use salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these directions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.

Wash the hands before and after applying this medication, unless it is being used to treat a hand condition.

Thoroughly wash, rinse, and dry the affected areas before application of this medication.

Shake the lotion well before use. Apply a thin film of the lotion to the affected areas as directed by your doctor. Do not allow this medication to get into the eyes. If it does, rinse the eyes thoroughly with water. If irritation persists, contact your doctor. Do not cover the area with bandages or dressings after applying salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical, unless otherwise directed by your doctor. Doing so could cause too much medicine to be absorbed by the body and could be harmful.

It is important to use sodium sulfacetamide regularly to get the most benefit. Use the medication for the full amount of time prescribed by your doctor. Symptoms may improve before the infection is fully treated.

Store salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Apply the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and apply only the next regularly scheduled dose.

What happens if I overdose?

An overdose of salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical is unlikely to threaten life. If an overdose is suspected or if the medication has been ingested, call a poison control center or an emergency room for advice.

What should I avoid while using salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical?

Do not use other topical products on the affected area unless otherwise directed by your doctor. They may interfere with the effects or absorption of salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical. Do not cover the area with bandages or dressings after applying salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical, unless otherwise directed by your doctor. Doing so could cause too much medicine to be absorbed by the body and could be harmful.

Salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical side effects

Stop using salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical and contact your healthcare provider if you develop new or worsening signs of skin irritation. Serious side effects are not likely to occur with the use of salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical. If you experience a rare, but serious allergic reaction (shortness of breath; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, face, or tongue; or hives), stop using salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical and seek emergency medical attention or contact your doctor immediately.

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical?

Do not use other topical products on the affected area unless otherwise directed by your doctor. They may interfere with the effects or absorption of salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical.

Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking or using any other prescription or over-the-counter medicines, including vitamins, minerals, and herbal products.

Compare salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical with other medications

Tinea Versicolor

Where can I get more information?

Your pharmacist has additional information about salicylic acid and sodium thiosulfate topical written for health professionals that you may read.

Tuesday, October 25, 2016

Ingredient matches for Zaprocid

Ingredient matches for Alfuzosine HCl Actavis

Ingredient matches for Oxicalmans

Monday, October 24, 2016

Ingredient matches for Grendis

Ingredient matches for Canesten Plus Bifonazol

Commonly used brand name(s)

Uses For sulfur

Before Using sulfur

Allergies

Pediatric

Geriatric

Breast Feeding

Interactions with Medicines

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Proper Use of sulfur

Dosing

Missed Dose

Storage

Precautions While Using sulfur

sulfur Side Effects

More sulfur Topical resources

Compare sulfur Topical with other medications

Ingredient matches for Citalobell

What is Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant (phenylephrine)?

What is the most important information I should know about Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant (phenylephrine)?

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant (phenylephrine)?

How should I use Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant (phenylephrine)?

What happens if I miss a dose?

What happens if I overdose?

What should I avoid while using Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant (phenylephrine)?

Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant (phenylephrine) side effects

What other drugs will affect Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant (phenylephrine)?

More Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant resources

Compare Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant with other medications

Where can I get more information?

Welchol Suspension is used for:

Do NOT use Welchol Suspension if:

Before using Welchol Suspension:

How to use Welchol Suspension:

Important safety information:

Possible side effects of Welchol Suspension:

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

General information:

More Welchol resources

Compare Welchol with other medications

Friday, October 21, 2016

Ingredient matches for Rawel

Ingredient matches for Toprol XL

Ingredient matches for Pantoprazol Kern Pharma

Thursday, October 20, 2016

Ingredient matches for Bediatil Forte

Ingredient matches for Antacal

Ingredient matches for Opipramol Billix

Introduction

Uses for Sufentanil Citrate

Anesthesia

Pain

Sufentanil Citrate Dosage and Administration

General

Premedication

Administration

IV Administration

Rate of Administration

Concomitant Administration of a Neuromuscular Blocking Agent

Epidural Administration

Dosage

Pediatric Patients

Anesthesia

General Anesthesia (as sole anesthetic agent) for Cardiovascular Surgery

Adults

Anesthesia

Analgesic Component of General Anesthesia

General Anesthesia (as sole anesthetic agent)

Pain

Obstetric Analgesia

Prescribing Limits

Adults

Anesthesia

Solution Compatibility^a